Which mortgage is for you? Conventional, FHA, VA

Conventional loans

Who they’re for: Conventional mortgages are ideal for borrowers with good or excellent credit.

How they work: Conventional mortgages are “plain vanilla” home loans. They follow fairly conservative guidelines for:

• Borrower credit scores.

• Minimum down payments.

• Debt-to-income ratios.

— Debt-to-income ratio: The percentage of monthly income that is spent on debt payments, including mortgages, student loans, auto loans, minimum credit card payments and child support.

— Cost: Closing costs, down payments, mortgage insurance and points can mean the borrower has to show up at closing with a sizable sum of money out-of-pocket. Find out more about closing costs and how to save money.

— What’s good: Conventional mortgages generally pose fewer hurdles than Federal Housing Administration or Veterans Affairs mortgages, which may take longer to process.

— What’s not as good: You’ll need excellent credit to qualify for the best interest rates.

FHA loans

Who they’re for: Federal Housing Administration mortgages have flexible lending standards to benefit:

• People whose house payments will be a big chunk of take-home pay.

• Borrowers with low credit scores.

• Homebuyers with small down payments and refinancers with little equity.

Compare FHA mortgages in your area.

— How they work: The Federal Housing Administration does not lend money. It insures mortgages. The FHA allows borrowers to spend up to 56 percent or 57 percent of their income on monthly debt obligations, such as mortgage, credit cards, student loans and car loans. In contrast, conventional mortgage guidelines tend to cap debt-to-income ratios at around 45 percent and sometimes less.

For many FHA borrowers, the minimum down payment is 3.5 percent. Borrowers can qualify for FHA loans with credit scores of 580 and even lower.

— Cost: Each FHA loan has two mortgage insurance premiums:

• An upfront premium of 1.75 percent of the loan amount, paid at closing.

• An annual premium that varies from a low of 0.45 percent to a high of 0.85 percent. This premium is rolled into the monthly mortgage payment for the life of the loan. See how the premiums vary by loan term and amount of equity.

— What’s good: FHA loans are often the only option for borrowers with high debt-to-income ratios and low credit scores.

— What’s not as good: FHA mortgage insurance premiums usually are higher than premiums for private mortgage insurance. To get rid of FHA premiums, you must refinance the loan.

VA loans

Who they’re for:

• Most active-duty military and veterans qualify for Veterans Affairs mortgages. Many reservists and National Guard members are eligible. Spouses of military members who died while on active duty or as a result of a service-connected disability may also apply.

— How they work: No down payment is required from qualified borrowers buying primary residences. The VA does not lend money but guarantees loans made by private lenders.

— Cost: The VA charges an upfront VA funding fee, which can be rolled into the loan or paid by the seller. The funding fee varies from 1.25 percent to 3.3 percent of the loan amount.

The VA allows sellers to pay closing costs but doesn’t require them to. So the buyer might need money for closing costs. Borrowers may also need money for the earnest-money deposit.

— What’s good: VA borrowers can qualify for 100 percent financing. Veterans do not have to be first-time buyers and may reuse their benefit.

— What’s not as good: There are limits on loan amounts. The limits vary by county.